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Null Object pattern : ウィキペディア英語版
Null Object pattern

In object-oriented computer programming, a Null Object is an object with defined neutral ("null") behavior. The Null Object design pattern describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof). It was first published in the ''Pattern Languages of Program Design'' book series.
==Motivation==
In most object-oriented languages, such as Java or C#, references may be null. These references need to be checked to ensure they are not null before invoking any methods, because methods typically cannot be invoked on null references.
The Objective-C language takes another approach to this problem and does nothing when sending a message to nil; if a return value is expected, nil (for objects), 0 (for numeric values), NO (for BOOL values), or a struct (for struct types) with all its members initialised to nil/0/NO/zero-initialised struct is returned.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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